ΑΓΙΑ & ΜΕΓΑΛΗ ΠΕΜΠΤΗ-HOLY & GREAT THURSDAY

ΑΓΙΑ & ΜΕΓΑΛΗ ΠΕΜΠΤΗ-HOLY & GREAT THURSDAY

Τῇ ἁγίᾳ καὶ µεγάλῃ Πέµπτῃ, οἱ τὰ πάντα καλῶς διαταξάµενοι θεῖοι Πατέρες, ἀλληλοδιαδόχως ἐκ τε τῶν θείων Ἀποστόλων, καὶ τῶν ἱερῶν Ευαγγελίων, παραδεδώκασιν ἡµῖν τέσσαρά τινα ἑορτάζειν· τὸν ἱερὸν Νιπτῆρα, τὸν µυστικὸν Δεῖπνον (δηλαδὴ τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν καθ' ἡµᾶς φρικτῶν Μυστηρίων), τὴν ὑπερφυᾶ Προσευχήν, καὶ τὴν Προδοσίαν αὐτήν

On holy and great Thursday the godly Fathers, who have arranged all things well, received from the divine Apostles and the sacred Gospels and in turn handed down to us, that today we should celebrate four things: the sacred Washing of Feet, the Mystical Supper (that is, the tradition of what we know as the awsome Mysteries of Holy Communion), the High Priestly Prayer, and finally the Betrayal itself.

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Ἀκολουθία τοῦ Νυµφίου τῇ Τετάρτῃ τὸ Βράδυ Bridegroom Service on Wednesday Evening Ὄρθρος τῆς Μεγάλης Πέµπτης

Ὅτε οἱ ἔνδοξοι Μαθηταί, ἐν τῷ νιπτῆρι τοῦ Δείπνου ἐφωτίζοντο, τότε Ἰούδας ὁ δυσσεβής, φιλαργυρίαν νοσήσας ἐσκοτίζετο, καὶ ἀνόµοις κριταῖς, σὲ τὸν δίκαιον Κριτὴν παραδίδωσι. Βλέπε χρηµάτων ἐραστά, τὸν διὰ ταῦτα ἀγχόνῃ χρησάµενον· φεῦγε ἀκόρεστον ψυχήν, τὴν Διδασκάλῳ τοιαῦτα τολµήσασαν. Ὁ περὶ πάντας ἀγαθός, Κύριε δόξα σοι

While the glorious Disciples were being illumined at the washing of the feet during the Supper, then, too, did Judas the ungodly one, succumb to darkness, being sick with avarice. And he delivered You, the righteous Judge, to lawless judges. Look here, O lover of money, and see the one who for money's sake hanged himself. Flee from the greed that made him dare commit such a deed against the Teacher. O Lord benevolent to all, glory be to You

Commemorations of Holy Thursday

The Institution of the Eucharist

At the Mystical Supper in the Upper Room Jesus gave a radically new meaning to the food and drink of the sacred meal. He identified Himself with the bread and wine: "Take, eat; this is my Body. Drink of it all of you; for this is my Blood of the New Covenant" (Matthew 26:26-28).

We have learned to equate food with life because it sustains our earthly existence. In the Eucharist the distinctively unique human food - bread and wine - becomes our gift of life. Consecrated and sanctified, the bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Christ. This change is not physical but mystical and sacramental. While the qualities of the bread and wine remain, we partake of the true Body and Blood of Christ. In the eucharistic meal God enters into such a communion of life that He feeds humanity with His own being, while still remaining distinct. In the words of St. Maximos the Confessor, Christ, "transmits to us divine life, making Himself eatable." The Author of life shatters the limitations of our createdness. Christ acts so that "we might become sharers of divine nature" (2 Peter 1:4).

The Eucharist is at the center of the Church's life. It is her most profound prayer and principal activity. It is at one and the same time both the source and the summit of her life. In the Eucharist the Church manifests her true nature and is continuously changed from a human community into the Body of Christ, the Temple of the Holy Spirit, and the People of God. The Eucharist is the pre-eminent sacrament. It completes all the others and recapitulates the entire economy of salvation. Our new life in Christ is constantly renewed and increased by the Eucharist. The Eucharist imparts life and the life it gives is the life of God.

In the Eucharist the Church remembers and enacts sacramentally the redemptive event of the Cross and participates in its saving grace. This does not suggest that the Eucharist attempts to reclaim a past event. The Eucharist does not repeat what cannot be repeated. Christ is not slain anew and repeatedly. Rather the eucharistic food is changed concretely and really into the Body and Blood of the Lamb of God, "Who gave Himself up for the life of the world." Christ, the Theanthropos, continually offers Himself to the faithful through the consecrated Gifts, i.e., His very own risen and deified Body, which for our sake died once and now lives (Hebrewa 10:2; Revelation 1:18). Hence, the faithful come to Church week by week not only to worship God and to hear His word. They come, first of all, to experience over and over the mystery of salvation and to be united intimately to the Passion and Resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ.

In the Eucharist we receive and partake of the resurrected Christ. We share in His sacrificed, risen and deified Body, "for the forgiveness of sins and life eternal" (Divine Liturgy). In the Eucharist Christ pours into us - as a permanent and constant gift - the Holy Spirit, "Who bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God - and if children - then heirs with Christ (Romans 8:16-17).

The Washing of the Feet

The events initiated by Jesus at the Mystical.Supper were profoundly significant. By teaching and giving the disciples His final instructions and praying for them as well, He revealed again His divine Sonship and authority. By establishing the Eucharist, He enshrines to perfection God's most intimate purposes for our salvation, offering Himself as Communion and life. By washing the feet of His disciples, He summarized the meaning of His ministry, manifested His perfect love and revealed His profound humility. The act of the washing of the feet (John 13:2-17) is closely related to the sacrifice of the Cross. Both reveal aspects of Christ's kenosis. While the Cross constitues the ultimate manifestation of Christ's perfect obedience to His Father (Philippians 2:5-8), the washing of the feet signifies His intense love and the giving of Himself to each person according to that person's ability to receive Him (John 13:6-9).

Prayer in the Garden

The Synoptic Gospels have preserved for us another significant episode in the series of events leading to the Passion, namely, the agony and prayer of Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane (Matthew 26:36-46; Mark 14:32-42; Luke 22:39-46).

Although Jesus was Son of God, He was destined as man to accept fully the human condition, to experience suffering and to learn obedience. Divesting Himself of divine prerogatives, the Son of God assumed the role of a servant. He lived a truly human existence. Though He was Himself sinless, He allied Himself with the whole human race, identified with the human predicament, and experienced the same tests (Philippians 2:6-11; Hebrews 2:9-18).

The moving events in the Garden of Gethsemane dramatically and poignantly disclosed the human nature of Christ. The sacrifice He was to endure for the salvation of the world was imminent. Death, with all its brutal force and fury, stared directly at Him. Its terrible burden and fear - the calamitous results of the ancestral sin - caused Him intense sorrow and pain (Hebrews 5:7). Instinctively, as man He sought to escape it. He found Himself in a moment of decision. In His agony He prayed to His Father, "Abba, Father, all things are possible to thee; remove this cup from me; yet not what I will, but what thou wilt" (Mark 14:36).

His prayer revealed the depths of His agony and sorrow. It revealed as well His "incomparable spiritual strength (and) immovable desire and decision . . . to bring about the will of the Father." Jesus offered His unconditional love and trust to the Father. He reached the extreme limits of self-denial "not what I will" - in order to accomplish His Father's will. His acceptance of death was not some kind of stoic passivity and resignation but an act of absolute love and obedience. In that moment of decision, when He declared His acceptance of death to be in agreement with the Father's will, He broke the power of the fear of death with all its attending uncertainties, anxieties and limitations. He learned obedience and fulfilled the divine plan (Hebrews 5:8-9).

The Betrayal

Judas betrayed Christ with a kiss, the sign of friendship and love. The betrayal and crucifixion of Christ carried the ancestral sin to its extreme limits. In these two acts the rebellion against God reached its maximum capacity. The seduction of man in paradise culminated in the death of God in the flesh. To be victorious evil must quench the light and discredit the good. In the end, however, it shows itself to be a lie, an absurdity and sheer madness. The death and resurrection of Christ rendered evil powerless.

On Great Thursday light and darkness, joy and sorrow are so strangely mixed. At the Upper Room and in Gethsemane the light of the kingdom and the darkness of hell come through simultaneously. The way of life and the way of death converge. We meet them both in our journey through life.

n the midst of the snares and temptations that abound in the world around and in us we must be eager to live in communion with everything that is good, noble, natural, and sinless, forming ourselves by God's grace in the likeness of Christ.

Icon of the Mystical Supper - Institution of the Holy Eucharist

Christ is the central figure at the table. Saint John the Beloved [Evangelist, Theologian] is seated at Christ's right; as the youngest of the disciples he is depicted as beardless. Judas Iscariot the Betrayer is the third figure from Christ's left; he is depicted dipping into the dish (Matthew 26:20-25). Saint John the Beloved receives in his left hand a piece of the Body of Christ; another morsel is on the table before Christ. The chalice containing the Precious Blood of Christ is in His Left hand.

Κατά τη Μεγάλη Πέμπτη επιτελούμε ανάμνηση: Της νίψεως των ποδών των Αποστόλων υπό του Κυρίου, Του Μυστικού Δείπνου, δηλαδή της παραδόσεως σ' εμάς υπό του Κυρίου του Μυστηρίου της θείας Ευχαριστίας, της θαυμαστής προσευχής του Κυρίου προς τον Πατέρα Του και της προδοσίας του Κυρίου υπό του Ιούδα.

Εκείνο το βράδυ της Πέμπτης, πριν ν' αρχίσει το δείπνο ο Ιησούς σηκώνεται από το τραπέζι, αφήνει κάτω τα ιμάτιά του, βάζει νερό στο νιπτήρα και τα κάνει όλα μόνος Του, πλένοντας τα πόδια των Μαθητών Του. Με τον τρόπο αυτό θέλει να δείξει σ' όλους ότι δεν πρέπει να επιζητούμε τα πρωτεία. Μετά τη νίψη των ποδιών λέγει: «όποιος θέλει να είναι πρώτος, να είναι τελευταίος απ' όλους».

Πρώτα πήγε στον Ιούδα και μετά στό Πέτρο, ο οποίος ήταν ο πιο ορμητικός απ' όλους και στην αρχή σταματάει το Διδάσκαλο, αλλά ύστερα όταν τον έλεγξε, υποχωρεί με τη καρδιά του. Αφού έπλυνε τα πόδια όλων, πήρε τα ιμάτιά Του και ξανακάθησε.

Άρχισε κατόπιν να τους νουθετεί να αγαπούν ο ένας τον άλλον και να μη επιζητούν το ποιός θα είναι πρώτος. Στη συνέχεια τους μίλησε για την προδοσία και επειδή θορυβήθηκαν, στρέφεται με ήρεμο τρόπο στον Ιωάννη και τον υπέδειξε.

Κατόπιν πήρε ψωμί στα χέρια Του και είπε: «Λάβετε φάγετε». Το ίδιο έκανε και με το ποτήρι του κρασιού λέγοντας: «Πιέστε απ' αυτό όλοι, γιατί αυτό είναι το αίμα Μου, της νέας Συμφωνίας. Αυτό να κάνετε για να Με θυμάστε». Μετά από αυτή τη στιγμή ο Ιούδας, μόλις έφαγε τον άρτο έφυγε και συμφώνησε με τους αρχιερείς να τους Τον παραδώσει.

Μετά το δείπνο βγήκαν όλοι στο όρος των Ελαιών, όπου ο Χριστός τους δίδαξε τα ανήκουστα και τελευταία μαθήματα και αρχίζει να λυπάται και να ανυπομονεί. Αναχωρεό μόνος Του και, γονατίζοντας, προσεύχεται εκτενώς. Από την πολλή αγωνία γίνεται ο ιδρώτας Του σαν σταγόνες πηχτού αίματος, οι οποίες έπεφταν στη γη. Μόλις συμπληρώνει την εναγώνια εκείνη προσευχή, φθάνει ο Ιούδας με ένοπλους στρατιώτες και πολύ όχλο και αφού χαιρετάει και φιλάει πονηρά το δάσκαλό Του, Τον παραδίδει.

Συλλαμβάνεται λοιπόν ο Ιησούς και τον φέρνουν δέσμιο στους Αρχιερείς Άννα και Καϊάφα. Οι μαθητές σκορπίζονται και ο θερμότερος των άλλων ο Πέτρος τον ακολούθησε ως την αρχιερατική αυλή και αρνείται και αυτός ότι είναι μαθητής Του.

Εν τω μεταξύ ο θείος διδάσκαλος παρουσιάζεται μπροστά στο παράνομο συνέδριο, εξετάζεται για τους μαθητές και τη διδασκαλία Του, εξορκίζεται στο Θεό για να πεί εάν Αυτός είναι πράγματι ο Χριστός και αφού είπε την αλήθεια, κρίνεται ως ένοχος θανάτου, επειδή τάχα βλασφήμησε. Από 'κει και πέρα τον φτύνουν στο πρόσωπο, τον χτυπάνε, τον εμπαίζουν με κάθε τρόπο κατά τη διάρκεια όλης της νύχτας, ως το πρωϊ.