English-Russian
The outward activity of the Moscow Patriarchate by the grace of God is carried out safely. Built for many years, fraternal relations with other Local Orthodox Churches and benevolent relations with other faiths and religions are maintained at the proper level. With the main stages of this activity you can regularly get acquainted in the magazines of the Holy Synod and in the publications on the website of the Department for External Church Relations. Information on the current work of this institution for the inter-council period is given in the annexes to my report.
I will focus on two important events that require our common understanding: it is a Council that was held in Crete in the spring of 2016, and my meeting with the Primate of the Roman Catholic Church in February of the same year.
Since the last Bishops' Council, important events have occurred in the sphere of inter-Orthodox relations. As of June 2016, it was planned to hold the All-Orthodox Cathedral on the island of Crete. Preparation for it, as you know, was conducted for many decades. Questions related to participation in the Pan-Orthodox Council constituted the main agenda of the Bishops' Council in February of last year. Most of the bishops sitting here were members of this Council and remember how we got acquainted with the drafts of the conciliar documents that, shortly before the insistence of the Russian Orthodox Church, were published and approved in principle the participation of our Church in the forthcoming Council. At the same time, the Bishops' Council expressed "the conviction that the necessary participation of the delegations of all recognized autocephalous Orthodox Churches is a prerequisite for the holding of the All-Orthodox Council," and also noted the special importance of "solving to the Council the problem that arose in the relationship between the Antiochian and Jerusalem Patriarchates". The Council of Bishops, by the same token, confirmed the position that the Russian Church consistently occupied in the pre-election process.
Representatives of the Moscow Patriarchate took an active part in all subsequent preparations for the Council. The Holy Synod formed a delegation of our Church. However, the development of events forced us shortly before the scheduled date of the opening of the Council to refuse to participate in it. The necessary condition for holding the Pan-Orthodox Council, announced by our Council of Bishops in 2016, was not fulfilled.
On June 1, 2016, the Bulgarian Orthodox Church called for the postponement of the holding of the Council and declared its non-participation in it if it was held on schedule. In a few days, similar statements were made by the Antiochian and Georgian Churches, as well as the Serbian Orthodox Church, which later changed its decision and took part in the Council. The reasons that prompted these Churches for such a decision were the emergence in a number of Local Churches of critical remarks to the drafts of catholic documents that were published after the meeting of the Primates of the Orthodox Churches in Chambesy in January 2016, as well as the continued lack of communion between Antioch and Jerusalem Patriarchates, which has not been overcome in the pre-conciliar period, has not been possible to this day. It must be emphasized that the Antiochian Church from the very beginning declared that it could participate in the Pan-Orthodox Council only if its conflict with the Jerusalem Church was timely resolved, caused by a dispute over the ecclesiastical jurisdiction over Qatar. For this reason, representatives of the Antiochian Church did not sign either the Decision of the Primates Assembly in Constantinople in 2014, which decided to convene the Council in 2016, nor the Decision of the Assembly of the Primate in Chambesy last year, which appointed the exact date of its holding. The Regulations for the organization and work of the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church, drafted in Chambesy, were not signed either.
In these difficult conditions, extraordinary meetings of the Holy Synod of The Russian Church were held twice. At a meeting on June 3, it was decided to send the Most Holy Patriarch of Constantinople Bartholomew and the Primate of all Local Churches a proposal to hold an emergency All-Orthodox pre-council meeting in the near future, at which it would be possible to try to come to an agreement on fundamental issues. At the same meeting, the Synod noted that non-participation in the Council of at least one of the universally recognized autocephalous Orthodox Churches "constitutes an insurmountable obstacle to holding the Holy and Great Council." The Synod also approved the amendments of our Church to the two drafts of catholic documents that had caused the most critical criticism, "formulated on the basis of the expressed opinions of bishops, clergymen, monastics and laymen."
Unfortunately, the proposal of the Russian Church to convene an emergency pan-Orthodox conference was not accepted. On June 13, less than a week before the scheduled date for the opening of the Council, the members of the Synod again gathered for an extraordinary meeting in Moscow and, having carefully studied the situation, adopted a special statement "On the situation that arose in connection with the refusal of a number of Local Orthodox Churches to participate in the Holy and the Great Council of the Orthodox Church. " This statement describes in detail the events that took place in the pre-election process from the time of the Meeting of the Primates in Chambesy in January 2016, outlined the reasoned position of the Moscow Patriarchate, and also reported on the decision of the Synod to support the proposal of the above-mentioned churches to postpone the Council for a time " on the basis of the results of pan-Orthodox discussion and with the indispensable condition of the consent of the Primates of all universally recognized Local Autocephalous Orthodox Churches. " The Synod with deep regret recognized the participation in the Council of the delegation of the Russian Church in the event that it was still convened at an earlier scheduled time. As we know, the Council in Crete was nevertheless held, ten of the fourteen recognized local Autocephalous Churches took part in it (I recall that the autocephalous status of the Orthodox Church in America is currently not recognized by all in the Orthodox world).
The decision not to participate in the Council was not easy, but I am convinced that it is the only possible one in this situation. From the very beginning of the preparation for many years, the Holy and Great Council was conceived as the Council of the whole Orthodox Church, as a Council in which representatives of all recognized local churches would take part, as a Council designed to visibly show the unity of Orthodoxy in the visible. It is obvious that as a result of the non-participation of a number of Churches in the Council of Crete, this task remained unfulfilled. The principle of consensus among all the participants in the pre-election process was clearly violated here.
In addition, the question arises as to how the votes of even those who arrived at the Cathedral were taken into account. For example, the document "Relations between the Orthodox Church and the Rest of the Christian World", which caused the most critical criticism in the Local Churches, was not signed by 17 of the 24 bishops who were members of the delegation of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Despite this, the document is officially considered adopted by the Council in Crete, including the fraternal Serbian Church. All this raises the issue not only about the observance of the all-Orthodox procedure approved by the Cretan Council, but also about the extent to which the documents adopted on it really reflect a genuine consensus, genuine unanimity in our Orthodox family.
I will briefly dwell on the official decisions of the Local Orthodox Churches in connection with the Council in Crete taken by the non-participating Churches.
The day after the completion of the Council's work, the Holy Synod of the Antiochian Orthodox Church adopted a statement in which the Council in Crete is recognized not as the "Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church" but only as "a preliminary meeting on the way to the All-Orthodox Council." It was stated that the documents adopted in Crete are not final, open for further discussions and are not binding for the Patriarchate of Antioch. Members of the Synod of the Antiochian Church unanimously decided to "abandon the conferring of the conciliar character of any of the Orthodox meetings in which all autocephalous Orthodox Churches do not participate and emphasize that the principle of unanimity remains the unchanging foundation of relations between all Orthodox. On the basis of this, the Antiochian Church refuses to call the meeting in Crete "the Great Orthodox Council" or "the Great Holy Council".
The Synod of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, held in November last year, stated that the Council in Crete "is neither Great nor Holy nor All-Orthodox because of the failure of a number of Local Autocephalous Churches in it, as well as due to organizational and theological mistakes." A critical attitude towards some documents adopted at the Council was expressed, which "are subject to further theological discussion with the aim of correcting, editing, correcting or replacing them with others (new documents)."
In December 2016, the Holy Synod of the Georgian Orthodox Church expressed its attitude to the Cretan Council, whose decisions on the whole coincide with the statement of the Patriarchate of Antioch I have already mentioned. In the decrees of the Synod, it is emphasized that the Council in Crete "can not be called a universal, All-Orthodox Council," since representatives of four Local Orthodox Churches did not participate in his work. There is a violation of the principle of consensus and stresses that "the decisions of the Cretan Council cannot be binding on the Georgian Orthodox Church." The Synod noted that the documents adopted in Crete "do not express in essence the fundamental comments submitted by the churches", and therefore their further processing and correction are necessary.
The results of the Council held in Crete were discussed at a meeting of the Holy Synod of our Church on July 15 last year. Noting that "the basis of pan-Orthodox cooperation throughout the conciliar process was the principle of consensus," the Synod stated that "the conduct of the Council in the absence of agreement from a number of autocephalous churches violates this principle, so that the Council held in Crete can not be regarded as All-Orthodox, but accepted on it documents - as expressing the general Orthodox consensus." At the same time, the Holy Synod recognized that "the Council held in Crete, attended by priests and bishops of ten of the fifteen autocephalous Orthodox Local Churches, was an important event in the history of the conciliar process in the Orthodox Church initiated by the First All-Orthodox Conference on Rhodes in 1961 year."
At the same meeting, the Holy Synod of our Church commissioned the study of the documents of the Synodal Biblical and Theological Commission adopted in Crete, which prepared a relevant conclusion. Now it is submitted for consideration by the Council of Bishops. This conclusion you can find in the folder that each of you received at the registration.
The Commission has compared the copies of the documents of the Cretan Council that we received to those pre-conciliar texts that were already considered by our Bishops' Council in February 2016. The documents "The importance of fasting and its observance today" and "Autonomy and the way of its proclamation" were adopted by the Cretan Council without making substantive substantive amendments.
An analysis of the document "Relations between the Orthodox Church and the Rest of the Christian World" showed that, on the whole, he underwent a change for the better, given the critics who criticized him. Thus, an important mention was made in the document of the rejection of Uniatism. Nevertheless, many formulations remain not completely clear and satisfactory, they can be understood in the sense that it is a question of restoring the unity of Christians, and not of restoring unity with the Church of the separated Christian communities. Some critics of the document just read this conciliar text. Unfortunately, our amendments were not taken into account.
The terminology of the document "The Sacrament of Marriage and Obstacles to It" also requires clarification. In particular, it seems unclear what the term "civil union" means for people of different sexes, which, as noted in the document, the Church does not recognize as possible for its members.
The document "The Mission of the Orthodox Church in the Modern World" still contains a number of ambiguous language, without further elaboration of which the document cannot be considered quite satisfactory.
Uncertainty requiring clarification is also present in the new formulation included in the Council in the document "Orthodox Diaspora".
In the "Messages of the Council" and the "District Letter of the Council" prepared and adopted directly at the Council, there are also a number of not quite clear expressions. With some of them our Church, in my opinion, will not be able to agree. At the same time, the understanding of social issues, expressed in the messages of the Council, as a whole does not contradict the social doctrine of the Russian Orthodox Church.
The present Bishops' Council, among other important decisions, will express the attitude of our Church to the Council held in Crete and to the documents adopted on it. At the same time, I would like to especially emphasize that the discussions and even disagreements in our Orthodox family about the Council in Crete did not overshadow the fraternal cooperation of the Holy Orthodox Churches. The joint service of the Divine Liturgy, participation in inter-Orthodox meetings and events, as before, unites all autocephalous churches, both participating in the Council, and abstaining from participation. I am glad that these days we expect the arrival in Moscow, at my invitation, of the dear Priests-Companions and members of the delegations of the Fraternal Churches, in order to commemorate memorable events for us. Every time we stand together at the throne of God, we clearly feel that we are one Holy Orthodox Church.
Concluding my story about the important events that took place in the pre-conciliar process, I would like to express my confidence that the holding of a truly pan-Orthodox Council, authoritative in the entire Orthodox world, is the aspiration of all the Holy Orthodox Churches. I am convinced that the preparation of such a council should be associated with the free and active participation of all autocephalous churches in the editing of the conciliar texts, with equal respect for the opinion of each local church, even the smallest in terms of the number of believers, ready to replace those formulations in documents that cause the greatest criticism in those or other churches. I believe that only in this case can the Holy and Great Council be held, capable of becoming what it should be: a coherent, strong and united voice of the Ecumenical Orthodox Church.
(unofficial English translation)
Evaluation of the documents of the Cretan Council
The outward activity of the Moscow Patriarchate by the grace of God is carried out safely. Built for many years, fraternal relations with other Local Orthodox Churches and benevolent relations with other faiths and religions are maintained at the proper level. With the main stages of this activity you can regularly get acquainted in the magazines of the Holy Synod and in the publications on the website of the Department for External Church Relations. Information on the current work of this institution for the inter-council period is given in the annexes to my report.
I will focus on two important events that require our common understanding: it is a Council that was held in Crete in the spring of 2016, and my meeting with the Primate of the Roman Catholic Church in February of the same year.
Since the last Bishops' Council, important events have occurred in the sphere of inter-Orthodox relations. As of June 2016, it was planned to hold the All-Orthodox Cathedral on the island of Crete. Preparation for it, as you know, was conducted for many decades. Questions related to participation in the Pan-Orthodox Council constituted the main agenda of the Bishops' Council in February of last year. Most of the bishops sitting here were members of this Council and remember how we got acquainted with the drafts of the conciliar documents that, shortly before the insistence of the Russian Orthodox Church, were published and approved in principle the participation of our Church in the forthcoming Council. At the same time, the Bishops' Council expressed "the conviction that the necessary participation of the delegations of all recognized autocephalous Orthodox Churches is a prerequisite for the holding of the All-Orthodox Council," and also noted the special importance of "solving to the Council the problem that arose in the relationship between the Antiochian and Jerusalem Patriarchates". The Council of Bishops, by the same token, confirmed the position that the Russian Church consistently occupied in the pre-election process.
Representatives of the Moscow Patriarchate took an active part in all subsequent preparations for the Council. The Holy Synod formed a delegation of our Church. However, the development of events forced us shortly before the scheduled date of the opening of the Council to refuse to participate in it. The necessary condition for holding the Pan-Orthodox Council, announced by our Council of Bishops in 2016, was not fulfilled.
On June 1, 2016, the Bulgarian Orthodox Church called for the postponement of the holding of the Council and declared its non-participation in it if it was held on schedule. In a few days, similar statements were made by the Antiochian and Georgian Churches, as well as the Serbian Orthodox Church, which later changed its decision and took part in the Council. The reasons that prompted these Churches for such a decision were the emergence in a number of Local Churches of critical remarks to the drafts of catholic documents that were published after the meeting of the Primates of the Orthodox Churches in Chambesy in January 2016, as well as the continued lack of communion between Antioch and Jerusalem Patriarchates, which has not been overcome in the pre-conciliar period, has not been possible to this day. It must be emphasized that the Antiochian Church from the very beginning declared that it could participate in the Pan-Orthodox Council only if its conflict with the Jerusalem Church was timely resolved, caused by a dispute over the ecclesiastical jurisdiction over Qatar. For this reason, representatives of the Antiochian Church did not sign either the Decision of the Primates Assembly in Constantinople in 2014, which decided to convene the Council in 2016, nor the Decision of the Assembly of the Primate in Chambesy last year, which appointed the exact date of its holding. The Regulations for the organization and work of the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church, drafted in Chambesy, were not signed either.
In these difficult conditions, extraordinary meetings of the Holy Synod of The Russian Church were held twice. At a meeting on June 3, it was decided to send the Most Holy Patriarch of Constantinople Bartholomew and the Primate of all Local Churches a proposal to hold an emergency All-Orthodox pre-council meeting in the near future, at which it would be possible to try to come to an agreement on fundamental issues. At the same meeting, the Synod noted that non-participation in the Council of at least one of the universally recognized autocephalous Orthodox Churches "constitutes an insurmountable obstacle to holding the Holy and Great Council." The Synod also approved the amendments of our Church to the two drafts of catholic documents that had caused the most critical criticism, "formulated on the basis of the expressed opinions of bishops, clergymen, monastics and laymen."
Unfortunately, the proposal of the Russian Church to convene an emergency pan-Orthodox conference was not accepted. On June 13, less than a week before the scheduled date for the opening of the Council, the members of the Synod again gathered for an extraordinary meeting in Moscow and, having carefully studied the situation, adopted a special statement "On the situation that arose in connection with the refusal of a number of Local Orthodox Churches to participate in the Holy and the Great Council of the Orthodox Church. " This statement describes in detail the events that took place in the pre-election process from the time of the Meeting of the Primates in Chambesy in January 2016, outlined the reasoned position of the Moscow Patriarchate, and also reported on the decision of the Synod to support the proposal of the above-mentioned churches to postpone the Council for a time " on the basis of the results of pan-Orthodox discussion and with the indispensable condition of the consent of the Primates of all universally recognized Local Autocephalous Orthodox Churches. " The Synod with deep regret recognized the participation in the Council of the delegation of the Russian Church in the event that it was still convened at an earlier scheduled time. As we know, the Council in Crete was nevertheless held, ten of the fourteen recognized local Autocephalous Churches took part in it (I recall that the autocephalous status of the Orthodox Church in America is currently not recognized by all in the Orthodox world).
The decision not to participate in the Council was not easy, but I am convinced that it is the only possible one in this situation. From the very beginning of the preparation for many years, the Holy and Great Council was conceived as the Council of the whole Orthodox Church, as a Council in which representatives of all recognized local churches would take part, as a Council designed to visibly show the unity of Orthodoxy in the visible. It is obvious that as a result of the non-participation of a number of Churches in the Council of Crete, this task remained unfulfilled. The principle of consensus among all the participants in the pre-election process was clearly violated here.
In addition, the question arises as to how the votes of even those who arrived at the Cathedral were taken into account. For example, the document "Relations between the Orthodox Church and the Rest of the Christian World", which caused the most critical criticism in the Local Churches, was not signed by 17 of the 24 bishops who were members of the delegation of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Despite this, the document is officially considered adopted by the Council in Crete, including the fraternal Serbian Church. All this raises the issue not only about the observance of the all-Orthodox procedure approved by the Cretan Council, but also about the extent to which the documents adopted on it really reflect a genuine consensus, genuine unanimity in our Orthodox family.
I will briefly dwell on the official decisions of the Local Orthodox Churches in connection with the Council in Crete taken by the non-participating Churches.
The day after the completion of the Council's work, the Holy Synod of the Antiochian Orthodox Church adopted a statement in which the Council in Crete is recognized not as the "Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church" but only as "a preliminary meeting on the way to the All-Orthodox Council." It was stated that the documents adopted in Crete are not final, open for further discussions and are not binding for the Patriarchate of Antioch. Members of the Synod of the Antiochian Church unanimously decided to "abandon the conferring of the conciliar character of any of the Orthodox meetings in which all autocephalous Orthodox Churches do not participate and emphasize that the principle of unanimity remains the unchanging foundation of relations between all Orthodox. On the basis of this, the Antiochian Church refuses to call the meeting in Crete "the Great Orthodox Council" or "the Great Holy Council".
The Synod of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, held in November last year, stated that the Council in Crete "is neither Great nor Holy nor All-Orthodox because of the failure of a number of Local Autocephalous Churches in it, as well as due to organizational and theological mistakes." A critical attitude towards some documents adopted at the Council was expressed, which "are subject to further theological discussion with the aim of correcting, editing, correcting or replacing them with others (new documents)."
In December 2016, the Holy Synod of the Georgian Orthodox Church expressed its attitude to the Cretan Council, whose decisions on the whole coincide with the statement of the Patriarchate of Antioch I have already mentioned. In the decrees of the Synod, it is emphasized that the Council in Crete "can not be called a universal, All-Orthodox Council," since representatives of four Local Orthodox Churches did not participate in his work. There is a violation of the principle of consensus and stresses that "the decisions of the Cretan Council cannot be binding on the Georgian Orthodox Church." The Synod noted that the documents adopted in Crete "do not express in essence the fundamental comments submitted by the churches", and therefore their further processing and correction are necessary.
The results of the Council held in Crete were discussed at a meeting of the Holy Synod of our Church on July 15 last year. Noting that "the basis of pan-Orthodox cooperation throughout the conciliar process was the principle of consensus," the Synod stated that "the conduct of the Council in the absence of agreement from a number of autocephalous churches violates this principle, so that the Council held in Crete can not be regarded as All-Orthodox, but accepted on it documents - as expressing the general Orthodox consensus." At the same time, the Holy Synod recognized that "the Council held in Crete, attended by priests and bishops of ten of the fifteen autocephalous Orthodox Local Churches, was an important event in the history of the conciliar process in the Orthodox Church initiated by the First All-Orthodox Conference on Rhodes in 1961 year."
At the same meeting, the Holy Synod of our Church commissioned the study of the documents of the Synodal Biblical and Theological Commission adopted in Crete, which prepared a relevant conclusion. Now it is submitted for consideration by the Council of Bishops. This conclusion you can find in the folder that each of you received at the registration.
The Commission has compared the copies of the documents of the Cretan Council that we received to those pre-conciliar texts that were already considered by our Bishops' Council in February 2016. The documents "The importance of fasting and its observance today" and "Autonomy and the way of its proclamation" were adopted by the Cretan Council without making substantive substantive amendments.
An analysis of the document "Relations between the Orthodox Church and the Rest of the Christian World" showed that, on the whole, he underwent a change for the better, given the critics who criticized him. Thus, an important mention was made in the document of the rejection of Uniatism. Nevertheless, many formulations remain not completely clear and satisfactory, they can be understood in the sense that it is a question of restoring the unity of Christians, and not of restoring unity with the Church of the separated Christian communities. Some critics of the document just read this conciliar text. Unfortunately, our amendments were not taken into account.
The terminology of the document "The Sacrament of Marriage and Obstacles to It" also requires clarification. In particular, it seems unclear what the term "civil union" means for people of different sexes, which, as noted in the document, the Church does not recognize as possible for its members.
The document "The Mission of the Orthodox Church in the Modern World" still contains a number of ambiguous language, without further elaboration of which the document cannot be considered quite satisfactory.
Uncertainty requiring clarification is also present in the new formulation included in the Council in the document "Orthodox Diaspora".
In the "Messages of the Council" and the "District Letter of the Council" prepared and adopted directly at the Council, there are also a number of not quite clear expressions. With some of them our Church, in my opinion, will not be able to agree. At the same time, the understanding of social issues, expressed in the messages of the Council, as a whole does not contradict the social doctrine of the Russian Orthodox Church.
The present Bishops' Council, among other important decisions, will express the attitude of our Church to the Council held in Crete and to the documents adopted on it. At the same time, I would like to especially emphasize that the discussions and even disagreements in our Orthodox family about the Council in Crete did not overshadow the fraternal cooperation of the Holy Orthodox Churches. The joint service of the Divine Liturgy, participation in inter-Orthodox meetings and events, as before, unites all autocephalous churches, both participating in the Council, and abstaining from participation. I am glad that these days we expect the arrival in Moscow, at my invitation, of the dear Priests-Companions and members of the delegations of the Fraternal Churches, in order to commemorate memorable events for us. Every time we stand together at the throne of God, we clearly feel that we are one Holy Orthodox Church.
Concluding my story about the important events that took place in the pre-conciliar process, I would like to express my confidence that the holding of a truly pan-Orthodox Council, authoritative in the entire Orthodox world, is the aspiration of all the Holy Orthodox Churches. I am convinced that the preparation of such a council should be associated with the free and active participation of all autocephalous churches in the editing of the conciliar texts, with equal respect for the opinion of each local church, even the smallest in terms of the number of believers, ready to replace those formulations in documents that cause the greatest criticism in those or other churches. I believe that only in this case can the Holy and Great Council be held, capable of becoming what it should be: a coherent, strong and united voice of the Ecumenical Orthodox Church.
(unofficial English translation)
Оценка документов Критского собора
Внешнецерковная деятельность Московского Патриархата по милости Божией осуществляется благополучно. Выстроенные в течение многих лет братские отношения с другими Поместными Православными Церквами и благожелательные отношения с другими конфессиями и религиями поддерживаются на должном уровне. С основными этапами этой деятельности вы можете регулярно знакомиться в журналах Священного Синода и в публикациях на сайте Отдела внешних церковных связей. Информация о текущей работе этого учреждения за межсоборный период приведена в приложениях к моему докладу.
Остановлюсь на двух важных событиях, которые требуют нашего общего осмысления: это Собор, прошедший на Крите весной 2016 года, и моя встреча с предстоятелем Римско-Католической Церкви в феврале того же года.
Со времени прошлого Архиерейского Собора произошли немаловажные события в сфере межправославных отношений. На июнь 2016 года было запланировано проведение Всеправославного Собора на острове Крит. Подготовка к нему, как вы знаете, велась многие десятилетия. Вопросы, связанные с участием во Всеправославном Соборе, составляли основную повестку дня Архиерейского Собора в феврале минувшего года. Большинство из сидящих здесь Преосвященных архипастырей были членами этого Собора и помнят, как мы знакомились с проектами соборных документов, которые незадолго до того по настоянию Русской Православной Церкви были опубликованы и принципиально одобрили участие нашей Церкви в предстоящем Соборе. При этом Архиерейский Собор выразил «убежденность в том, что необходимым условием проведения Всеправославного Собора является свободное участие в нем делегаций всех общепризнанных автокефальных Православных Церквей», а также отметил особую важность «разрешения до Собора проблемы, возникшей во взаимоотношениях Антиохийского и Иерусалимского Патриархатов». Архиерейский Собор, тем самым, подтвердил позицию, которую Русская Церковь последовательно занимала в предсоборном процессе.
Представители Московского Патриархата принимали активное участие во всех последовавших затем подготовительных к Собору мероприятиях. Священным Синодом была сформирована делегация нашей Церкви. Однако, развитие событий вынудило нас незадолго до намеченной даты открытия Собора отказаться от участия в нём. Необходимое условие проведения Всеправославного Собора, о котором заявил наш Архиерейский Собор 2016 года, оказалось невыполненным.
1 июня 2016 года Болгарская Православная Церковь призвала отложить проведение Собора и заявила о своём неучастии в нём в случае его проведения в объявленные сроки. Через несколько дней с подобными заявлениями выступили Антиохийская и Грузинская Церкви, а также Сербская Православная Церковь, позднее изменившая своё решение и участвовавшая в Соборе. Причинами, побудившими эти Церкви к такому решению, было возникновение в ряде Поместных Церквей критических замечаний к проектам соборных документов, которые были опубликованы по завершении работы Собрания Предстоятелей Православных Церквей в Шамбези в январе 2016 года, а также продолжающееся отсутствие общения между Антиохийским и Иерусалимским Патриархатами, которое так и не удалось преодолеть в предсоборный период, не удаётся и доныне. Необходимо подчеркнуть, что Антиохийская Церковь с самого начала заявляла, что сможет участвовать во Всеправославном Соборе лишь в том случае, если будет своевременно разрешён её конфликт с Иерусалимской Церковью, вызванный спором вокруг церковной юрисдикции над Катаром. По этой причине представителями Антиохийской Церкви не были подписаны ни Решения Собрания Предстоятелей в Константинополе 2014 года, постановившего созвать Собор в 2016 году, ни Решения Собрания Предстоятелей в Шамбези в минувшем году, назначившего точную дату его проведения. Не был подписан также и разработанный в Шамбези Регламент организации и работы Святого и Великого Собора Православной Церкви.
В этих непростых условиях дважды проводились внеочередные заседания Священного Синода нашей Церкви. На заседании 3 июня было принято решение направить Святейшему Патриарху Константинопольскому Варфоломею и Предстоятелям всех Поместных Церквей предложение провести в ближайшее время экстренное Всеправославное предсоборное совещание, на котором можно было бы постараться прийти к согласию по принципиальным вопросам. На том же заседании Синод отметил, что неучастие в Соборе хотя бы одной из общепризнанных автокефальных Православных Церквей «составляет непреодолимое препятствие для проведения Святого и Великого Собора». Синодом также были утверждены поправки нашей Церкви к вызвавшим более всего критических замечаний двум проектам соборных документов, «сформулированные на основе высказанных суждений архиереев, клириков, монашествующих и мирян».
К сожалению, предложение Русской Церкви о созыве экстренного Всеправославного совещания не было принято. 13 июня – менее чем за неделю до намеченной даты открытия Собора – члены Синода вновь собрались на внеочередное заседание в Москве и, внимательным образом изучив
сложившуюся ситуацию, приняли специальное заявление «О ситуации, возникшей в связи с отказом ряда Поместных Православных Церквей от участия в Святом и Великом Соборе Православной Церкви». В этом заявлении подробно описаны события, произошедшие в предсоборном процессе с момента Собрания Предстоятелей в Шамбези в январе 2016 года, изложена аргументированная позиция Московского Патриархата, а также сообщается о решении Синода поддержать предложение вышеупомянутых Церквей о переносе Собора на время, «которое надлежит в дальнейшем установить по итогам общеправославного обсуждения и при непременном условии согласия Предстоятелей всех общепризнанных Поместных автокефальных Православных Церквей». Синод с глубоким сожалением признал невозможным участие в Соборе делегации Русской Церкви в том случае, если он всё же будет созван в ранее намеченные сроки. Как мы знаем, Собор на Крите тем не менее был проведён, в нём приняли участие десять из четырнадцати общепризнанных Поместных автокефальных Церквей (напомню, что автокефальный статус Православной Церкви в Америке в настоящее время признан не всеми в православном мире).
Решение не участвовать в Соборе было непростым, но, убеждён, единственно возможным в сложившейся ситуации. С самого начала многолетней подготовки Святой и Великий Собор мыслился как Собор всей Православной Церкви, как Собор, в котором примут участие представители всех общепризнанных Поместных Церквей, как Собор, призванный видимым образом явить миру единство Православия. Очевидно, что вследствие неучастия в Соборе на Крите целого ряда Церквей таковая задача осталась невыполненной. Принцип консенсуса всех участников предсоборного процесса с очевидностью был здесь нарушен.
Кроме того, встаёт вопрос о том, как учитывались голоса даже тех, кто прибыл на Собор. К примеру, документ «Отношения Православной Церкви с остальным христианским миром», вызвавший более всего критических замечаний в Поместных Церквах, не подписали 17 из 24 архиереев-членов делегации Сербской Православной Церкви. Несмотря на это, документ официально считается принятым Собором на Крите, в том числе и братской Сербской Церковью. Всё это ставит вопрос не только о соблюдении всеправославно утверждённой процедуры на Критском Соборе, но и том, насколько принятые на нём документы действительно отражают подлинный консенсус, подлинное единомыслие в нашей православной семье.
Кратко остановлюсь на официальных решениях Поместных Православных Церквей в связи с Собором на Крите, принятых не участвовавшими в нём Церквами.
На следующий день после завершения работы Собора Священный Синод Антиохийской Православной Церкви принял заявление, в котором Собор на Крите признаётся не «Святым и Великим Собором Православной Церкви», но лишь «предварительным собранием на пути к Всеправославному Собору». Констатировалось, что принятые на Крите документы не имеют окончательного характера, открыты для дальнейших дискуссий и не являются обязательными для Антиохийского Патриархата. Члены Синода Антиохийской Церкви единогласно решили «отказаться от придания соборного характера любой из православных встреч, в которых не участвуют все автокефальные Православные Церкви, и подчеркнуть, что принцип единогласия остается неизменной основой отношений между всеми православными. На основании этого Антиохийская Церковь отказывается называть встречу на Крите “Великим Православным Собором” или “Великим Святым Собором”».
Синод Болгарской Православной Церкви, состоявшийся в ноябре прошлого года, констатировал, что Собор на Крите «не является ни Великим, ни Святым, ни Всеправославным ввиду неучастия в нём ряда Поместных автокефальных Церквей, а также из-за допущенных организационных и богословских ошибок». Было выражено критическое отношение к некоторым принятым на Соборе документам, которые «подлежат дальнейшему богословскому обсуждению с целью исправления, редактирования, коррекции или замены на другие (новые документы)».
В декабре 2016 года своё отношение Критскому Собору высказал Священный Синод Грузинской Православной Церкви, решения которого в целом совпадают с уже упомянутым мною заявлением Антиохийского Патриархата. В постановлениях Синода подчёркивается, что Собор на Крите «не может быть назван всеобщим, Всеправославным Собором», поскольку в его работе «не принимали участие представители четырёх Поместных Православных Церквей». Констатируется нарушение принципа консенсуса и подчёркивается, что «постановления Критского Собора не могут быть обязательными для Грузинской Православной Церкви». Синод отметил, что в принятых на Крите документах «не выражены по существу представленные Церквами основательные замечания», в связи с чем необходимы их последующие переработка и исправление.
Результаты состоявшегося на Крите Собора обсуждались на заседании Священного Синода нашей Церкви 15 июля прошлого года. Отметив, что «основу общеправославного сотрудничества на протяжении всего соборного процесса составлял принцип консенсуса», Синод констатировал, что «проведение Собора при отсутствии согласия со стороны ряда автокефальных Церквей нарушает этот принцип, вследствие чего состоявшийся на Крите Собор не может рассматриваться как Всеправославный, а принятые на нем документы — как выражающие общеправославный консенсус». Вместе с тем, Священный Синод признал, что «состоявшийся на Крите Собор, в котором приняли участие Предстоятели и архиереи десяти из пятнадцати автокефальных Православных Поместных Церквей, явился важным событием в истории соборного процесса в Православной Церкви, начатого Первым всеправославным совещанием на острове Родос в 1961 году».
Священный Синод нашей Церкви на том же заседании поручил изучение принятых на Крите документов Синодальной библейско-богословской комиссии, которая подготовила соответствующее заключение. Ныне оно представлено на рассмотрение Архиерейского Собора. Это заключение вы можете найти в папке, которую каждый из вас получил при регистрации.
Полученные нами копии документов Критского Собора Комиссия сравнила с теми предсоборными текстами, которые уже были рассмотрены нашим Архиерейским Собором в феврале 2016 года. Документы «Важность поста и его соблюдение сегодня» и «Автономия и способ её провозглашения» и были приняты Критским Собором без внесения существенных содержательных поправок.
Анализ документа «Отношения Православной Церкви с остальным христианским миром» показал, что в целом он претерпел изменения в лучшую сторону с учётом высказывавшейся в его адрес критики. Так, в документ было внесено важное упоминание об отвержении униатства. Тем не менее, многие формулировки остаются не вполне ясными и удовлетворительными, они могут быть поняты в том смысле, что речь идёт о восстановлении единства христиан, а не о восстановлении единства с Церковью отделённых от неё христианских сообществ. Некоторыми критиками документа именно так и был прочитан этот соборный текст. К сожалению, наши поправки не были учтены.
Терминология документа «Таинство брака и препятствия к нему» также требует прояснения. В частности, представляется неясным, что означает термин «гражданский союз» в отношении лиц разных полов, который, как отмечено в документе, Церковь не признаёт возможным для своих членов.
Документ «Миссия Православной Церкви в современном мире» по-прежнему содержит ряд неоднозначных формулировок, без доработки которых документ не может быть признан вполне удовлетворительным.
Неопределенность, требующая разъяснения, присутствует и в новой формулировке, включенной на Соборе в документ «Православная диаспора».
В подготовленных и принятых непосредственно на Соборе «Послании Собора» и «Окружном послании Собора» также содержится ряд не вполне ясных выражений. С некоторыми из них наша Церковь, по моему убеждению, не сможет согласиться. Вместе с тем, понимание социальных вопросов, выраженное в посланиях Собора, в целом не противоречит социальному учению Русской Православной Церкви.
Настоящему Архиерейскому Собору в числе других важных решений предстоит высказать отношение нашей Церкви к состоявшемуся на Крите Собору и к принятым на нём документам. При этом я хотел бы особенно подчеркнуть, что дискуссии и даже разногласия в нашей православной семье по поводу Собора на Крите не омрачили братского взаимодействия Святейших Православных Церквей. Совместное служение Божественной литургии, участие в межправославных встречах и мероприятиях, как и прежде, объединяет все автокефальные Церкви, как участвовавшие в Соборе, так и воздержавшиеся от участия. Радуюсь, что и в эти дни мы ожидаем прибытия в Москву по моему приглашению дорогих Собратьев-Предстоятелей и членов делегаций братских Церквей, чтобы совместно отметить памятные для нас события. Всякий раз вместе предстоя у престола Божия, мы явственно чувствуем, что составляем одну Святую Православную Церковь.
Завершая свой рассказ о произошедших важных событиях в предсоборном процессе, хотел бы выразить уверенность в том, что проведение подлинно всеправославного Собора, авторитетного во всём православном мире, является чаянием всех Святейших Православных Церквей. Убеждён, что подготовка такового Собора должна быть сопряжена со свободным и деятельным участием всех автокефальных Церквей в редактировании соборных текстов, при равном уважении к мнению каждой Поместной Церкви, даже самой небольшой по числу верующих, при готовности заменить те формулировки в документах, которые вызывают наибольшую критику в тех или иных Церквах. Полагаю, что только в таком случае может состояться Святой и Великий Собор, способный стать тем, чем он и должен быть – согласованным, сильным и единым голосом Вселенской Православной Церкви.
(Metr. Hilarion’s report)