ΕΓΥΚΛΙΟΣ
τῆς Ἁγίας και Μεγάλης Συνόδου τῆς Ὀρθοδόξου Ἐκκλησίας
(Κρήτη, 2016)
(Κρήτη, 2016)
VI. The Church in the face of globalization, the phenomenon of extreme violence and migration
15. Ἡ σύγχρονος ἰδεολογία τῆς παγκοσμιοποιήσεως,
ἡ ὁποία ἐπιβάλλεται ἀθορύβως καί ἐξαπλοῦται ραγδαίως, προκαλεῖ ἤδη
ἰσχυρούς κλυδωνισμούς εἰς τήν οἰκονομίαν καί τήν κοινωνίαν εἰς
παγκόσμιον κλίμακα. Ἡ ἐπιβολή της ἔχει δημιουργήσει νέας μορφάς
συστηματικῆς ἐκμεταλλεύσεως καί κοινωνικῆς ἀδικίας, ἔχει σχεδιάσει τήν
σταδιακήν ἐξουδετέρωσιν τῶν ἐμποδίων τῶν ἀντιτιθεμένων ἐθνικῶν,
θρησκευτικῶν, ἰδεολογικῶν ἤ ἄλλων παραδόσεων καί ἔχει ἤδη ὁδηγήσει εἰς
τήν ἀποδυνάμωσιν ἤ καί εἰς τήν τελικήν ἀποδόμησιν τῶν κοινωνικῶν
κατακτήσεων, ὑπό τό πρόσχημα μάλιστα τῆς δῆθεν ἀναγκαίας ἀνασυγκροτήσεως
τῆς παγκοσμίου οἰκονομίας, διευρύνουσα οὕτω τό χάσμα μεταξύ πλουσίων
καί πτωχῶν, δυναμιτίζουσα τήν κοινωνικήν συνοχήν τῶν λαῶν καί
ἀναρριπίζουσα νέας ἑστίας παγκοσμίων ἐντάσεων.
Ἡ Ὀρθόδοξος Ἐκκλησία, ἔναντι τῆς ἰσοπεδωτικῆς καί ἀπροσώπου
ὁμογενοποιήσεως, τήν ὁποίαν προωθεῖ ἡ παγκοσμιοποίησις, ἀλλά καί τῶν
ἀκροτήτων τοῦ ἐθνοφυλετισμοῦ, εἰσηγεῖται τήν προστασίαν τῆς ταυτότητος
τῶν λαῶν καί τήν ἐνίσχυσιν τῆς ἐντοπιότητος. Ὡς ἐναλλακτικόν ὑπόδειγμα
διά τήν ἑνότητα τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος προβάλλει τήν ἀρθρωτήν ὀργάνωσιν τῆς
Ἐκκλησίας, ἐπί τῇ βάσει τῆς ἰσοτιμίας τῶν κατά τόπους Ἐκκλησιῶν. Ἡ Ἐκκλησία
ἀντιτίθεται εἰς τήν προκλητικήν ἀπειλήν διά τόν σύγχρονον ἄνθρωπον καί
τάς πολιτιστικάς παραδόσεις τῶν λαῶν, τήν ὁποίαν ἐμπερικλείει ἡ
παγκοσμιοποίησις καί ἡ ἀρχή τῆς «ἰδιονομίας τῆς οἰκονομίας» ἤ τοῦ
οἰκονομισμοῦ, ἡ αὐτονόμησις δηλαδή τῆς οἰκονομίας ἀπό τάς ζωτικάς
ἀνάγκας τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καί ἡ μετατροπή της εἰς αὐτοσκοπόν, προτείνει δέ μίαν βιώσιμον οἰκονομίαν, τεθεμελιωμένην εἰς τάς ἀρχάς τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου.
Οὕτω, μέ πυξίδα τόν Κυριακόν λόγον «οὐκ ἐπ’ ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ἄνθρωπος»
(Λουκ. δ’, 4), ἡ Ἐκκλησία δέν συνδέει τήν πρόοδον τοῦ ἀνθρωπίνου γένους
μέ μόνην τήν ἄνοδον τοῦ βιοτικοῦ ἐπιπέδου ἤ μέ τήν οἰκονομικήν
ἀνάπτυξιν εἰς βάρος τῶν πνευματικῶν ἀξιῶν.
16. Ἡ Ἐκκλησία δέν ἀναμιγνύεται εἰς τήν πολιτικήν,
ἐν τῇ στενῇ σημασίᾳ τοῦ ὅρου, ἀλλ’ ὅμως ἡ μαρτυρία αὐτῆς εἶναι
οὐσιαστικῶς πολιτική, ὡς μέριμνα διά τόν ἄνθρωπον καί τήν πνευματικήν
ἐλευθερίαν του. Ὁ λόγος τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ὑπῆρξε πάντοτε διακριτός καί θά παραμείνῃ εἰς τό διηνεκὲς μία ὀφειλετική παρέμβασις ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου.
Αἱ κατά τόπους Ὀρθόδοξοι Ἐκκλησίαι καλοῦνται σήμερον νά οἰκοδομήσουν
μίαν νέαν ἐποικοδομητικήν συναλληλίαν μέ τό κοσμικόν κράτος δικαίου εἰς
τό νέον πλαίσιον τῶν διεθνῶν σχέσεων, συμφώνως πρός τό βιβλικόν «Ἀπόδοτε
τά τοῦ Καίσαρος τῷ Καίσαρι καί τά τοῦ Θεοῦ τῷ Θεῷ» (Ματθ. κβ’, 21). Ἡ
συναλληλία αὕτη δέον ὅπως διασώζῃ τήν ἰδιοπροσωπίαν Ἐκκλησίας καί
κράτους καί διασφαλίζῃ τήν εἰλικρινῆ συνεργασίαν αὐτῶν ἐπ’ ὠφελείᾳ τῆς
προστασίας τῆς μοναδικῆς ἀξίας τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καί τῶν ἐντεῦθεν ἀπορρεόντων
δικαιωμάτων αὐτοῦ, ὡς καί τῆς κοινωνικῆς δικαιοσύνης.
Τά δικαιώματα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου εὑρίσκονται σήμερον εἰς τό
κέντρον τῆς πολιτικῆς ὡς ἀπάντησις εἰς τάς συγχρόνους κοινωνικάς καί
πολιτικάς κρίσεις καί ἀνατροπάς καί διά τήν προστασίαν τῆς ἐλευθερίας
τοῦ ἀτόμου. Ἡ προσέγγισις τῶν δικαιωμάτων τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὑπό τῆς Ὀρθοδόξου
Ἐκκλησίας ἐπικεντρώνεται εἰς τόν κίνδυνον ἐκπτώσεως τοῦ ἀτομικοῦ
δικαιώματος εἰς ἀτομοκεντρισμόν καί δικαιωματισμόν. Μία τοιαύτη ἐκτροπή
λειτουργεῖ εἰς βάρος τοῦ κοινοτικοῦ περιεχομένου τῆς ἐλευθερίας, ὁδηγεῖ
εἰς τήν αὐθαίρετον μετατροπήν τῶν δικαιωμάτων εἰς εὐδαιμονιστικάς
διεκδικήσεις καί εἰς τήν ἀναγωγήν τῆς ἐπισφαλοῦς ταυτίσεως τῆς
ἐλευθερίας μέ τήν ἀσυδοσίαν τοῦ ἀτόμου εἰς «οἰκουμενικήν ἀξίαν», ἡ ὁποία
ὑποσκάπτει τά θεμέλια τῶν κοινωνικῶν ἀξιῶν, τῆς οἰκογενείας, τῆς
θρησκείας, τοῦ ἔθνους καί ἀπειλεῖ θεμελιώδεις ἠθικάς ἀξίας.
Ἡ ὀρθόδοξος λοιπόν κατανόησις τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἀντιτίθεται τόσον εἰς τήν
ἀλαζονικήν ἀποθέωσιν τοῦ ἀτόμου καί τῶν δικαιωμάτων του, ὅσον καί εἰς
τήν ταπεινωτικήν καταρράκωσιν τοῦ ἀνθρωπίνου προσώπου εἰς τάς συγχρόνους
γιγαντιαίας οἰκονομικάς, κοινωνικάς, πολιτικάς καί ἐπικοινωνιακάς
δομάς. Ἡ παράδοσις τῆς Ὀρθοδοξίας εἶναι ἀνεξάντλητος πηγή ζωτικῶν
ἀληθειῶν διά τόν ἄνθρωπον. Οὐδείς ἐτίμησε τόν ἄνθρωπον καί ἐμερίμνησε
δι’ αὐτόν τόσον, ὅσον ὁ Θεάνθρωπος Χριστός καί ἡ Ἐκκλησία Του.
Θεμελιῶδες ἀνθρώπινον δικαίωμα εἶναι ἡ προστασία τῆς ἀρχῆς τῆς
θρησκευτικῆς ἐλευθερίας ὑπό πάσας τάς προοπτικάς αὐτῆς, ἤτοι τῆς
ἐλευθερίας τῆς συνειδήσεως, τῆς πίστεως, τῆς λατρείας καί ὅλων τῶν
ἀτομικῶν καί συλλογικῶν ἐκφράσεων θρησκευτικῆς ἐλευθερίας,
συμπεριλαμβανομένου καί τοῦ δικαιώματος ἑκάστου πιστοῦ νά τελῇ ἀκωλύτως
ἀπό οἱανδήποτε κρατικήν παρέμβασιν τά θρησκευτικά του καθήκοντα, καθώς
καί τῆς ἐλευθερίας δημοσίας διδασκαλίας τῆς θρησκείας καί τῶν
προϋποθέσεων λειτουργίας τῶν θρησκευτικῶν κοινοτήτων.
17. Βιοῦμεν σήμερον ἔξαρσιν νοσηρῶν φαινομένων βίας
ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Θεοῦ. Αἱ ἐκρήξεις φονταμενταλισμοῦ εἰς τούς κόλπους τῶν
θρησκειῶν κινδυνεύουν νά ὁδηγήσουν εἰς τήν ἐπικράτησιν τῆς ἀπόψεως ὅτι ὁ
φονταμενταλισμός ἀνήκει εἰς τήν οὐσίαν τοῦ θρησκευτικοῦ φαινομένου. Ἡ
ἀλήθεια ὅμως εἶναι ὅτι ὁ φονταμενταλισμός, ὡς «ζῆλος οὐ κατ’ ἐπίγνωσιν» (Ρωμ. ι’, 2), ἀποτελεῖ ἔκφρασιν νοσηρᾶς θρησκευτικότητος.
Ὁ ἀληθής χριστιανός, κατά τό πρότυπον τοῦ σταυρωθέντος Κυρίου,
θυσιάζεται καί δέν θυσιάζει, καί διά τόν λόγον αὐτόν εἶναι ὁ
αὐστηρότερος κριτής τοῦ ὁποθενδήποτε προερχομένου φονταμενταλισμοῦ. Ὁ
εἰλικρινής διαθρησκειακός διάλογος συμβάλλει εἰς τήν ἀνάπτυξιν ἀμοιβαίας
ἐμπιστοσύνης, εἰς τήν προώθησιν τῆς εἰρήνης καί τῆς καταλλαγῆς. Ἡ
Ἐκκλησία ἀγωνίζεται διά νά καταστήσῃ αἰσθητοτέραν τήν «ἄνωθεν εἰρήνην»
ἐπί τῆς γῆς. Ἡ ἀληθινή εἰρήνη δέν ἐπιτυγχάνεται μέ τήν δύναμιν τῶν
ὅπλων, ἀλλά μόνον διά μέσου τῆς ἀγάπης, ἥτις «οὐ ζητεῖ τά ἑαυτῆς» (Α’
Κορ. ιγ´, 5). Τό ἔλαιον τῆς πίστεως πρέπει νά χρησιμοποιῆται διά νά
ἁπαλύνῃ καί νά θεραπεύῃ τάς παλαιάς πληγάς τῶν ἄλλων καί ὄχι νά
ἀναρριπίζῃ νέας ἑστίας μίσους.
18. Ἡ Ὀρθόδοξος Ἐκκλησία παρακολουθεῖ μέ πόνον καί προσευχήν καί καταγράφει τήν μεγάλην σύγχρονον ἀνθρωπιστικήν κρίσιν,
τήν ἐπέκτασιν τῆς βίας καί τῶν ἐνόπλων συρράξεων, τόν διωγμόν, τήν
ἐκδίωξιν καί τάς δολοφονίας μελῶν θρησκευτικῶν μειονοτήτων, τήν βιαίαν
ἀπομάκρυνσιν οἰκογενειῶν ἀπό τάς ἑστίας των, τήν τραγωδίαν τῆς ἐμπορίας
ἀνθρώπων, τήν παραβίασιν τῶν βασικῶν δικαιωμάτων ἀτόμων καί λαῶν καί τόν
ἐξαναγκασμόν εἰς ἀλλαγήν πίστεως. Καταδικάζει ἀπεριφράστως τάς
ἀπαγωγάς, τά βασανιστήρια, τάς εἰδεχθεῖς ἐκτελέσεις. Καταγγέλλει τήν
καταστροφήν ναῶν, θρησκευτικῶν συμβόλων καί μνημείων πολιτισμοῦ.
Ἡ Ὀρθόδοξος Ἐκκλησία ἀνησυχεῖ ἰδιαιτέρως διά τήν κατάστασιν τῶν
χριστιανῶν καί τῶν ἄλλων διωκομένων ἐθνικῶν καί θρησκευτικῶν μειονοτήτων
τῆς Μέσης Ἀνατολῆς. Εἰδικώτερον, ἀπευθύνει ἔκκλησιν πρός τάς
κυβερνήσεις ἐν τῇ περιοχῇ, νά προστατεύσουν τούς χριστιανικούς
πληθυσμούς, τούς Ὀρθοδόξους, τούς Ἀρχαίους Ἀνατολικούς καί τούς λοιπούς
χριστιανούς, οἱ ὁποῖοι ἐπεβίωσαν εἰς τό λίκνον τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ. Οἱ
γηγενεῖς χριστιανικοί καί οἱ ἄλλοι πληθυσμοί ἔχουν ἀπαράγραπτον δικαίωμα
νά παραμείνουν εἰς τάς χώρας αὐτῶν ὡς πολῖται μέ ἴσα δικαιώματα.
Προτρέπομεν λοιπόν ὅλους τούς ἐμπλεκομένους, ἀνεξαρτήτως θρησκευτικῶν
πεποιθήσεων, νά ἐργάζωνται διά τήν καταλλαγήν καί διά τόν σεβασμόν τῶν
ἀνθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων, πρωτίστως δέ διά τήν προστασίαν τοῦ θείου δώρου
τῆς ζωῆς. Πρέπει ὁ πόλεμος καί ἡ αἱματοχυσία νά τερματισθοῦν, νά
ἐπικρατήσῃ ἡ δικαιοσύνη, ὥστε νά ἐπανέλθῃ ἡ εἰρήνη καί νά καταστῇ ἐφικτή
ἡ ἐπιστροφή τῶν ἐκδιωχθέντων εἰς τάς πατρογονικάς αὐτῶν ἑστίας.
Προσευχόμεθα διά τήν εἰρήνην καί τήν δικαιοσύνην εἰς τάς δοκιμαζομένας
χώρας τῆς Ἀφρικῆς, ὡς καί εἰς τήν χειμαζομένην Οὐκρανίαν.
Ἐπαναλαμβάνομεν ἐν Συνόδῳ μετ’ ἐμφάσεως τήν ἔκκλησιν πρός τούς
ὑπευθύνους, νά ἀπελευθερώσουν τούς δύο ἀπαχθέντας ἀρχιερεῖς εἰς τήν
Συρίαν, Παῦλον Yazigi καί Ἰωάννην İbrahim. Προσεπευχόμεθα διά τήν
ἀπελευθέρωσιν πάντων τῶν ἐν ὁμηρίᾳ καί αἰχμαλωσίᾳ συνανθρώπων μας.
19. Τό σύγχρονον καί συνεχῶς ἐντεινόμενον προσφυγικόν καί μεταναστευτικόν πρόβλημα, ὀφειλόμενον
εἰς πολιτικούς, οἰκονομικούς καί κλιματολογικούς λόγους, εὑρίσκεται εἰς
τό κέντρον τοῦ παγκοσμίου ἐνδιαφέροντος. Ἡ Ὀρθόδοξος Ἐκκλησία
ἀντιμετώπισε πάντοτε καί ἀντιμετωπίζει συνεχῶς τούς δεδιωγμένους, τούς
ἐν κινδύνῳ καί ἐν ἀνάγκαις, ἐπί τῇ βάσει τῶν λόγων τοῦ Κυρίου «ἐπείνασα
γάρ, καί ἐδώκατέ μοι φαγεῖν, ἐδίψησα, καί ἐποτίσατέ με, ξένος ἤμην, καί
συνηγάγετέ με, γυμνός, καί περιεβάλετέ με, ἠσθένησα, καί ἐπεσκέψασθέ με,
ἐν φυλακῇ ἤμην, καί ἤλθετε πρός με» (Ματθ. κε’, 35-36) καί «ἀμήν λέγω
ὑμῖν, ἐφ’ ὅσον ἐποιήσατε ἑνί τούτων τῶν ἀδελφῶν μου τῶν ἐλαχίστων ἐμοί
ἐποιήσατε» (Ματθ. κε’, 40). Καθ’ ὅλην τήν ἱστορικήν αὐτῆς πορείαν ἡ
Ἐκκλησία εὑρίσκετο εἰς τό πλευρόν τῶν «κοπιώντων καί πεφορτισμένων»
(Ματθ. ια’, 28). Ἀείποτε ἡ ἐκκλησιαστική φιλανθρωπία δέν περιωρίζετο
ἁπλῶς εἰς τήν περιστασιακήν ἀγαθοεργίαν πρός τόν ἐνδεῆ καί τόν πάσχοντα,
ἀλλά ἀπέβλεπε καί εἰς τήν ἀπάλειψιν τῶν αἰτίων, τά ὁποῖα δημιουργοῦν τά
κοινωνικά προβλήματα. Τό «ἔργον διακονίας» τῆς Ἐκκλησίας (Ἐφεσ. δ’, 12)
ἀναγνωρίζεται ὑπό πάντων.
Ἀπευθύνομεν λοιπόν ἔκκλησιν πρωτίστως πρός τούς δυναμένους νά ἄρουν
τάς αἰτίας τῆς δημιουργίας τῆς προσφυγικῆς κρίσεως νά λάβουν τάς δεούσας
θετικάς ἀποφάσεις. Καλοῦμεν τάς πολιτικάς ἀρχάς, τούς Ὀρθοδόξους
πιστούς καί τούς λοιπούς πολίτας τῶν χωρῶν, εἰς τάς ὁποίας κατέφυγον καί
συνεχίζουν νά καταφεύγουν οἱ πρόσφυγες, νά παράσχουν εἰς αὐτούς πᾶσαν
δυνατήν βοήθειαν, ἀκόμη καί ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου ὑστερήματος.
VI. The Church in the face of globalization, the phenomenon of extreme violence and migration
15. The contemporary ideology of globalization, which is being imposed imperceptibly and expanding rapidly, is already provoking powerful shocks to the economy and to society on a world-wide scale. Its imposition has created new forms of systematic exploitation and social injustice; it has planned the gradual neutralization of the impediments from opposing national, religious, ideological and other traditions and has already led to the weakening or complete reversal of social acquisitions on the pretext of the allegedly necessary readjustment of the global economy, widening thus the gap between rich and poor, undermining the social cohesion of peoples and fanning new fires of global tensions.
In opposition to the levelling and impersonal standardization promoted by globalization, and also to the extremes of nationalism, the Orthodox Church proposes the protection of the identities of peoples and the strengthening of local identity. As an alternative example for the unity of mankind, she proposes the articulated organization of the Church on the basis of the equality of the local Churches. The Church is opposed to the provocative threat to contemporary man and the cultural traditions of peoples that globalization involves and the principle of the “autonomy of the economy” or “economism,” that is, the autonomization of the economy from man’s essential needs and its transformation into an end in itself. She therefore proposes a viable economy founded on the principles of the Gospel. Thus, guided by the words of the Lord, “man shall not live by bread alone” (Luke 4.4), the Church does not connect the progress of mankind only with an increase in living standards or with economic development at the expense of spiritual values.
16. The Church does not involve herself with politics in the narrow sense of the term. Her witness, however, is essentially political insofar as it expresses concern for man and his spiritual freedom. The voice of the Church was always distinct and will ever remain a beneficial intervention for the sake of humanity. The local Orthodox Churches are today called to promote a new constructive synergy with the secular state and its rule of law within the new framework of international relations, in accordance with the biblical saying: “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s and to God the things that are God’s” (cf. Matt 22.21). This synergy must, however, preserve the specific identity of both Church and state and ensure their earnest cooperation in order to preserve man's unique dignity and the human rights which flow therefrom, and in order to assure social justice.
Human rights are today at the center of political debate as a response to contemporary social and political crises and upheavals and in order to protect the freedom of the individual. The approach to human rights on the part of the Orthodox Church centers on the danger of individual rights falling into individualism and a culture of “rights”. A perversion of this kind functions at the expense of the social content of freedom and leads to the arbitrary transformation of rights into claims for happiness, as well as the elevation of the precarious identification of freedom with individual license into a “universal value” that undermines the foundations of social values, of the family, of religion, of the nation and threatens fundamental moral values.
Accordingly, the Orthodox understanding of man is opposed both to the arrogant apotheosis of the individual and his rights, and to the humiliating debasement of the human person within the vast contemporary structures of economy, society, politics and communication. The tradition of Orthodoxy is an inexhaustible source of vital truths for mankind. No one has honored man and cared for him as much as the God-man Christ and his Church. A fundamental human right is the protection of the principle of religious freedom in all its aspects--namely, the freedom of conscience, belief, and religion, including, alone and in community, in private and in public, the right to freedom of worship and practice, the right to manifest one's religion, as well as the right of religious communities to religious education and to the full function and exercise of their religious duties, without any form of direct or indirect interference by the state.
17. We are experiencing today an increase of violence in the name of God. The explosions of fundamentalism within religious communities threaten to create the view that fundamentalism belongs to the essence of the phenomenon of religion. The truth, however, is that fundamentalism, as “zeal not based on knowledge” (Rom 10.2), constitutes an expression of morbid religiosity. A true Christian, following the example of the crucified Lord, sacrifices himself and does not sacrifice others, and for this reason is the most stringent critic of fundamentalism of whatever provenance. Honest interfaith dialogue contributes to the development of mutual trust and to the promotion of peace and reconciliation. The Church strives to make “the peace from on high” more tangibly felt on earth. True peace is not achieved by force of arms, but only through love that “does not seek its own” (1 Cor 13.5). The oil of faith must be used to soothe and heal the wounds of others, not to rekindle new fires of hatred.
18. The Orthodox Church follows with much pain and prayer and takes note of the great contemporary humanitarian crisis: the proliferation of violence and military conflicts; the persecution, exile and murder of members of religious minorities; the violent displacement of families from their homelands; the tragedy of human trafficking; the violation of the dignity and fundamental rights of individuals and peoples, and forced conversions. She condemns unconditionally the abductions, tortures, and abhorrent executions. She denounces the destruction of places of worship, religious symbols and cultural monuments.
The Orthodox Church is particularly concerned about the situation facing Christians, and other persecuted ethnic and religious minorities in the Middle East. In particular, she addresses an appeal to governments in that region to protect the Christian populations – Orthodox, Ancient Eastern and other Christians – who have survived in the cradle of Christianity. The indigenous Christian and other populations enjoy the inalienable right to remain in their countries as citizens with equal rights.
We therefore urge all parties involved, irrespective of religious convictions, to work for reconciliation and respect for human rights, first of all through the protection of the divine gift of life. The war and bloodshed must be brought to an end and justice must prevail so that peace can be restored and so that it becomes possible for those who have been exiled to return to their ancestral lands. We pray for peace and justice in the suffering countries of Africa and in the troubled country of Ukraine. We reiterate most emphatically in conciliar unity our appeal to those responsible to free the two bishops who have been abducted in Syria, Paul Yazigi and John İbrahim. We pray also for the release of all our brothers and sisters being held hostage or in captivity.
19. The contemporary and ever intensifying refugee and migrant crisis, due to political, economic and environmental causes, is at the center of the world’s attention. The Orthodox Church has always treated and continues to treat those who are persecuted, in danger and in need on the basis of the Lord’s words: “I was hungry and you gave me to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me to drink, and was a stranger and you took me in, I was naked and you clothed me, I was sick and you visited me, in prison and you came to me”, and “Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these my brethren, you did for me” (Matt 25.40). Throughout its history, the Church was always on the side of the “weary and heavy laden” (cf. Matt 11.28). At no time was the Church’s philanthropic work limited merely to circumstantial good deeds toward the needy and suffering, but rather it sought to eradicate the causes which create social problems. The Church’s “work of service” (Eph 4.12) is recognized by everyone.
We appeal therefore first of all to those able to remove the causes for the creation of the refugee crisis to take the necessary positive decisions. We call on the civil authorities, the Orthodox faithful and the other citizens of the countries in which they have sought refuge and continue to seek refuge to accord them every possible assistance, even from out of their own insufficiency.
15. The contemporary ideology of globalization, which is being imposed imperceptibly and expanding rapidly, is already provoking powerful shocks to the economy and to society on a world-wide scale. Its imposition has created new forms of systematic exploitation and social injustice; it has planned the gradual neutralization of the impediments from opposing national, religious, ideological and other traditions and has already led to the weakening or complete reversal of social acquisitions on the pretext of the allegedly necessary readjustment of the global economy, widening thus the gap between rich and poor, undermining the social cohesion of peoples and fanning new fires of global tensions.
In opposition to the levelling and impersonal standardization promoted by globalization, and also to the extremes of nationalism, the Orthodox Church proposes the protection of the identities of peoples and the strengthening of local identity. As an alternative example for the unity of mankind, she proposes the articulated organization of the Church on the basis of the equality of the local Churches. The Church is opposed to the provocative threat to contemporary man and the cultural traditions of peoples that globalization involves and the principle of the “autonomy of the economy” or “economism,” that is, the autonomization of the economy from man’s essential needs and its transformation into an end in itself. She therefore proposes a viable economy founded on the principles of the Gospel. Thus, guided by the words of the Lord, “man shall not live by bread alone” (Luke 4.4), the Church does not connect the progress of mankind only with an increase in living standards or with economic development at the expense of spiritual values.
16. The Church does not involve herself with politics in the narrow sense of the term. Her witness, however, is essentially political insofar as it expresses concern for man and his spiritual freedom. The voice of the Church was always distinct and will ever remain a beneficial intervention for the sake of humanity. The local Orthodox Churches are today called to promote a new constructive synergy with the secular state and its rule of law within the new framework of international relations, in accordance with the biblical saying: “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s and to God the things that are God’s” (cf. Matt 22.21). This synergy must, however, preserve the specific identity of both Church and state and ensure their earnest cooperation in order to preserve man's unique dignity and the human rights which flow therefrom, and in order to assure social justice.
Human rights are today at the center of political debate as a response to contemporary social and political crises and upheavals and in order to protect the freedom of the individual. The approach to human rights on the part of the Orthodox Church centers on the danger of individual rights falling into individualism and a culture of “rights”. A perversion of this kind functions at the expense of the social content of freedom and leads to the arbitrary transformation of rights into claims for happiness, as well as the elevation of the precarious identification of freedom with individual license into a “universal value” that undermines the foundations of social values, of the family, of religion, of the nation and threatens fundamental moral values.
Accordingly, the Orthodox understanding of man is opposed both to the arrogant apotheosis of the individual and his rights, and to the humiliating debasement of the human person within the vast contemporary structures of economy, society, politics and communication. The tradition of Orthodoxy is an inexhaustible source of vital truths for mankind. No one has honored man and cared for him as much as the God-man Christ and his Church. A fundamental human right is the protection of the principle of religious freedom in all its aspects--namely, the freedom of conscience, belief, and religion, including, alone and in community, in private and in public, the right to freedom of worship and practice, the right to manifest one's religion, as well as the right of religious communities to religious education and to the full function and exercise of their religious duties, without any form of direct or indirect interference by the state.
17. We are experiencing today an increase of violence in the name of God. The explosions of fundamentalism within religious communities threaten to create the view that fundamentalism belongs to the essence of the phenomenon of religion. The truth, however, is that fundamentalism, as “zeal not based on knowledge” (Rom 10.2), constitutes an expression of morbid religiosity. A true Christian, following the example of the crucified Lord, sacrifices himself and does not sacrifice others, and for this reason is the most stringent critic of fundamentalism of whatever provenance. Honest interfaith dialogue contributes to the development of mutual trust and to the promotion of peace and reconciliation. The Church strives to make “the peace from on high” more tangibly felt on earth. True peace is not achieved by force of arms, but only through love that “does not seek its own” (1 Cor 13.5). The oil of faith must be used to soothe and heal the wounds of others, not to rekindle new fires of hatred.
18. The Orthodox Church follows with much pain and prayer and takes note of the great contemporary humanitarian crisis: the proliferation of violence and military conflicts; the persecution, exile and murder of members of religious minorities; the violent displacement of families from their homelands; the tragedy of human trafficking; the violation of the dignity and fundamental rights of individuals and peoples, and forced conversions. She condemns unconditionally the abductions, tortures, and abhorrent executions. She denounces the destruction of places of worship, religious symbols and cultural monuments.
The Orthodox Church is particularly concerned about the situation facing Christians, and other persecuted ethnic and religious minorities in the Middle East. In particular, she addresses an appeal to governments in that region to protect the Christian populations – Orthodox, Ancient Eastern and other Christians – who have survived in the cradle of Christianity. The indigenous Christian and other populations enjoy the inalienable right to remain in their countries as citizens with equal rights.
We therefore urge all parties involved, irrespective of religious convictions, to work for reconciliation and respect for human rights, first of all through the protection of the divine gift of life. The war and bloodshed must be brought to an end and justice must prevail so that peace can be restored and so that it becomes possible for those who have been exiled to return to their ancestral lands. We pray for peace and justice in the suffering countries of Africa and in the troubled country of Ukraine. We reiterate most emphatically in conciliar unity our appeal to those responsible to free the two bishops who have been abducted in Syria, Paul Yazigi and John İbrahim. We pray also for the release of all our brothers and sisters being held hostage or in captivity.
19. The contemporary and ever intensifying refugee and migrant crisis, due to political, economic and environmental causes, is at the center of the world’s attention. The Orthodox Church has always treated and continues to treat those who are persecuted, in danger and in need on the basis of the Lord’s words: “I was hungry and you gave me to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me to drink, and was a stranger and you took me in, I was naked and you clothed me, I was sick and you visited me, in prison and you came to me”, and “Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these my brethren, you did for me” (Matt 25.40). Throughout its history, the Church was always on the side of the “weary and heavy laden” (cf. Matt 11.28). At no time was the Church’s philanthropic work limited merely to circumstantial good deeds toward the needy and suffering, but rather it sought to eradicate the causes which create social problems. The Church’s “work of service” (Eph 4.12) is recognized by everyone.
We appeal therefore first of all to those able to remove the causes for the creation of the refugee crisis to take the necessary positive decisions. We call on the civil authorities, the Orthodox faithful and the other citizens of the countries in which they have sought refuge and continue to seek refuge to accord them every possible assistance, even from out of their own insufficiency.