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In the next few days, Sweden will be visited by one of the leading
lights of the Christian world: the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of
Constantinople, head of the second-largest Church community in the
world: the Eastern Orthodox Church.
His constant work for the wellbeing
of the creation, the environment and the climate has resulted in him
being known as the Green Patriarch. About ten years ago, he was among
Time Magazine’s list of the world’s 100 most influential people. He has
always insisted that ecological issues are basically also existential
and spiritual issues, which is an insight that the western world has
been slow to take on board.
Patriarch Bartholomew is now set to visit the Orthodox
Metropolitanate of Sweden and all Scandinavia. He will also speak at the
Church of Sweden’s General Synod. He co-signed together with Archbishop
Antje Jackelén a joint “opposite the editorial page” on Climate Justice
published in the famous newspaper Dagens Nyheter on 24 September 2019:
The church is a global network. It has a presence around the
world that is almost unsurpassed by any other organisation or movement.
The church has contact with other religions at all levels, and
cooperates with a wide range of humanitarian organisations. It is in
dialogue with world leaders, not least via the UN system. The church has
a presence in many places around the world that are not readily
accessible. During crises and disasters, the church is often there
before they happen, while they are happening and long after the
immediate relief work has been phased out. This is an obligation in an
era in which the world must learn to live with the climate crisis and
its consequences.
We know that those people who have contributed least to global
warming are often those most severely affected by climate change. We
know that social challenges such as poverty, migration and the global
health situation are directly linked to environmental and climate
issues. There is a need for climate justice. The issue is how we humans
interact with the natural environment, of which we are a part. We
therefore have to take action based on what feels most meaningful in our
lives. We must therefore talk about the sacrifices that we can make
together, so that our children and the children of others can have a
future.
The climate crisis is exacerbated by lifestyles that make greed
seem like a virtue. Resolving it will be difficult for as long as people
and nature are viewed only from the perspective of economics and
technology. Only when we actually distinguish between our needs and our
desires can we achieve fair and just climate goals. When will we learn
to say, “Enough is enough!”?
What we think about and feel about nature really matters. Is it a
mechanism that simply keeps on rolling? An unlimited source of raw
materials? Our recreation area? Our enemy? A place of endless harmony
and balance? A system involving a constant battle for survival? How we
relate to nature as creation reveals how we relate to the very basis of
existence – which we call God.
The churches in the east and the west have developed somewhat
differing points of focus with regard to humankind and creation. Put in
simple terms, Western tradition has developed a deep trust in
rationality and science. This has contributed to a demystifying of
nature and humankind’s role in creation. Its secrets were dissolved in
measurability. Humans came to understand themselves to be rulers of
nature, rather than stewards who are responsible for and have to care
for something that they do not actually own. The emphasis was put on
humankind’s function. Theologians in the east have talked more about
nature as a mystery that cannot be fully described, not even with the
most excellent measuring instruments available in the world of science.
Nature meets us and shows itself to us, but never fully. As humans, we
are part of this mystery. Each human being is itself a miniature cosmos,
a microcosm. Here, the relationshipis at the forefront. The western
view has a tendency to see too little concreteness, and something
romantic, in this approach. But the fact is that a full understanding of
our role as human beings requires both perspectives: function and
relationship, doing and being.
It is a characteristic of being human that we can have an
in-depth understanding of ourselves based on the relationships in which
we are involved: to ourselves, to each other, to the entire creation and
to the ground of being itself. We can also gain a deep understanding of
our mission as human beings, our function: why are we actually here?
As we face the climate crisis, we need to focus on rational
action inspired by the best science available, while also needing to
have an existential understanding of how and why we feel and act as we
do. Destroying biodiversity, wrecking forests and wetlands, poisoning
water, soil and air – all these are violations of our mission as human
beings. Theology calls it a sin. This sin arises from our inability to
see the earth as our home, a sacrament of community. Our natural
environment unites all the people on earth with every living thing, in a
way that transcends any differences in faiths and convictions that may
exist between us humans. Experiencing the beauty of nature means a lot
to us. But we are also created for another type of beauty: that people
have quality of life, live in harmony with nature, meet in peace and
help each other.
If we want to have an ecologically, socially, economically and
spiritually sustainable approach to the world – which we must have –
individual or commercial solutions will never be sufficient. This is why
spiritual maturity is now required. Such maturity means being able to
see the difference between what I want and what the world needs. It can
understand that the climate crisis is rooted in human greed and
selfishness. It can elevate us above fear, greed and fundamentally
unhealthy ties.
If we want technological development, fair and just economic
systems, ecological balance and social cohesion to work together to
create a sustainable future on our earth, we also need a conversion, a
new state of mind. A renewal of our humanity (in the dual sense of the
word). It is not sufficient for us to only address the symptoms if we
really want healing and wholeness.
Like Pope Francis, we are of the opinion that we are in urgent
need of a humanism that is able to bring together different areas of
knowledge, including economics, to form a more integrated and
integrating vision. Science, politics, business, culture and religion –
everything that is an expression of humankind’s dignity – need to work
together to put our earthly home on a more stable footing. Real stature
among leaders and rulers of various kinds becomes apparent when we in
difficult times can maintain high moral principles and focus on the
long-term common good. In these days, the bishops of the Church of
Sweden will be issuing a bishops’ letter about the climate that
highlights these issues in more detail.
The climate deadline is coming ever closer. Indecision and
negligence are the language of death. We must choose life. Give the
earth the opportunity to heal, so that it can continue to provide for us
and so that people can live in a world characterised by fairness,
justice and freedom.
Bartholomew I, Archbishop of Constantinople, and Ecumenical Patriarch
